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240.

Nouns denoting means or instrument are formed from roots and verb-stems (rarely from noun-stems) by means of the neuter suffixes -



-bulum, -culum, -brum, -orum, -trum pá-bulum, fodder;
sta-bulum, stall; stáre, to stand.
vehi-culum, wagon; vehere, to carry.
candélá-brum, candlestick; candéla, candle (a secondary formation).
sepul-crum, tomb; sepelíre, to bury.
claus-trum (claud-trum), bar; claudere, to shut.
ará-trum, plough; aráre, to plough.


NOTE: -trum (stem tro-) was an old formation from tor- (§ 234. II. 15), with the stem suffix o-, and -clum (stem clo- for tlo-) appears to be related; -culum is the same as -clum; -bulum contains lo- (§ 234. II. 9, 10) and -brum is closely related.



a. A few masculines and feminines of the same formation occur as nouns and adjectives: -

fá-bula, tale; fárí, to speak.
rídi-culus, laughable; rídére, to laugh.
fa-ber, smith; facere, to make.
late-bra, hiding-place; latére, to hide.
tere-bra, auger; terere, to bore.
mulc-tra, milk-pail; mulgére, to milk.