Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar, section 163

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PERSONAL ENDINGS.

163.

Verbs have regular terminations[1][Most of these seem to be fragments of old pronouns, whose signification is t[QUERY] added to that of the verb-stem (cf. § 36). But the ending -miní in the second per[QUERY] plural of the passive is perhaps a remnant of the participial form found in the Gr[QUERY] -o , and has supplanted the proper form, which does not appear in Latin. The personal ending -nt is probably connected with the participial nt- (nominative -ns).] for each of the three Persons, both singular and plural, active and passive.[2][The Passive is an old Middle Voice, peculiar to the Italic and Celtic language and of uncertain origin.] These are

ACTIVE PASSIVE

SINGULAR
1. -m (-ó): am-ó, I love. -r (-or):
2. -s: amá-s, thou lovest. -ris (-re): amá-ris, thou art loved.
3. -t: ama-t, he loves. -tur: amá-tur, he is loved.

PLURAL
1. -mus: amá-mus, we love. -mur:
2. -tis: amá-tis, you love. -miní: amá-miní, you are loved.
3. -nt: ama-nt, they love. -ntur: ama-ntur, they are loved.

a. The Perfect Indicative active has the special terminations[3][Of these terminations -í is not a personal ending, but appears to represent Indo-European tense-sign -ai of the Perfect Middle. In -is-tí and -is-tis, -tí and -tis personal endings; for -is-, see § 169. c. N. In -i-t and -i-mus, -t and -mus are perso[QUERY] endings, and i is of uncertain origin. Both -érunt and -ére are also of doubtful orig[QUERY] but the former contains the personal ending -nt.]: -

SING. 1. -í: amáv-í, I loved.
2. -is-tí: amáv-is-tí, thou lovedst.
3. -i-t: amáv-i-t, he loved.
PLUR. 1. -i-mus: amáv-i-mus, we loved.
2. -is-tis: amáv-is-tis, you loved.
3. -érunt (-ére): amáv-érunt (-ére), they loved.

b. The Imperative has the following terminations: -

PRESENT ACTIVE Singular
2. - : amá, love thou. -te: amá-te, love ye.

FUTURE ACTIVE
2. -tó: amá-tó, thou shalt love. -tóte: amá-tóte, ye shall love.
3. -tó: amá-tó, he shall love. -ntó: ama-ntó, they shall love.
PRESENT PASSIVE

Singular Plural 2. -re:

FUTURE PASSIVE

2. -tor:
amá-tor, thou shalt be loved. - - - -
3. -tor: amá-tor, he shall be loved. -ntor: ama-ntor, they shall be loved.

	ACTIVE		PASSIVE
SINGULAR	1. -m (-ó):	am-ó, I love.	-r (-or):
2. -s:	amá-s, thou lovest.	-ris (-re):	amá-ris, thou art loved.
3. -t:	ama-t, he loves.	-tur:	amá-tur, he is loved.
PLURAL	1. -mus:	amá-mus, we love.	-mur:
2. -tis:	amá-tis, you love.	-miní:	amá-miní, you are loved.
3. -nt:	ama-nt, they love.	-ntur:	ama-ntur, they are loved.

	SING. 1. -í:	amáv-í, I loved.
	2. -is-tí:	amáv-is-tí, thou lovedst.
	3. -i-t:	amáv-i-t, he loved.
	PLUR. 1. -i-mus:	amáv-i-mus, we loved.
	2. -is-tis:	amáv-is-tis, you loved.
	3. -érunt (-ére):	amáv-érunt (-ére), they loved.

	PRESENT ACTIVE		Singular
2. - :	amá, love thou.	-te:	amá-te, love ye.

FUTURE ACTIVE	2. -tó:	amá-tó, thou shalt love.	-tóte: amá-tóte, ye shall love.
3. -tó:	amá-tó, he shall love.	-ntó: ama-ntó, they shall love.	PRESENT PASSIVE
	Singular	Plural	2. -re:

FUTURE PASSIVE 2. -tor:	amá-tor, thou shalt be loved.	- -	- -
3. -tor:	amá-tor, he shall be loved.	-ntor:	ama-ntor, they shall be loved.