Heavy Construction
The Allen and Greenough is still under construction;
so some links may not work quite the way you would expect.
a. Adverbs of Place[1][All these adverbs were originally
case-forms of pronouns. The forms in -bi and
-íc are locative, those in
-ó and -úc, -á and -ác, ablative (see § 215); those
in
-inc are from -im (of uncertain origin) with the particle
-ce added (thus illim, illin-c).]
| híc,
here. | húc,
hither. | hinc,
hence. | hác,
by this way. |
| ibi,
there. | eó,
thither. | inde,
thence. | eá,
by that way. |
| istíc, there. | istúc, thither. |
istinc, thence. |
istá, by that way.
|
| illíc,
there. | illúc,
thither. | illinc,
thence. | illá
(illác), `` `` |
| ubi, where. | quó, whither. | unde, whence. | quá, by what way. |
|
alicubi, somewhere. |
aliquó, somewhither,
| alicunde, from |
aliquá, by some way.
|
| | (to) somewhere. | somewhere.
| |
| ibídem,
in the same | eódem, to the same |
indidem, from the |
eádem, by the same.
|
| place. | place. | same
place. | way. |
| alibí, elsewhere, in |
alió, elsewhere, to |
aliunde, from |
aliá, in another.
|
| another place. | another place. |
another place. | way. |
| ubiubi, wherever. | quóquó, | undecunque, | quáquá, in whatever.
|
| | whithersoever. |
whencesoever. | way. |
| ubivís, anywhere, |
quóvís, anywhere,
| undique, from every
| quávís, by
whatever. |
| where you will. | whither
you will. | quarter. | way. |
|
sícubi, if anywhere.
| síquó, if
anywhere. | sícunde, if from |
síquá, if
anywhere. |
| | (anywhither). |
anywhere. | |
| nécubi, lest | néquó, lest |
nécunde, lest from |
néquá, lest
|
| anywhere. | anywhither. |
anywhere. | anywhere. |
NOTE: The demonstrative adverbs híc, ibi, istíc, illí,
illíc, and their correlatives,
correspond in signification with the pronouns híc, is, iste,
ille (see § 146), and are often
equivalent to these pronouns with a preposition: as, inde = ab eó, etc. So the relative or
interrogative ubi corresponds with
quí (quis), ali-cubi with aliquis,
ubiubi with quisquis,
sí-cubi with síquis (see §§ 147 - 151, with the table of correlatives in § 152).
-
- úsque, all the way
to; usquam, anywhere;
nusquam, nowhere; citró, to this side; intró, inwardly; ultró, beyond (or freely, i.e. beyond what is required); porró, further on.
- quórsum (for quó vorsum, whither turned?),
to what end? hórsum,
this way; prórsum,
forward (prórsus, utterly); intrórsum,
inwardly; retrórsum,
backward; súrsum,
upward; deorsum,
downward; seorsum,
apart; aliórsum,
another way.
b. Adverbs of Time.
-
- quandó, when?
(interrogative); cum (quom),
when (relative); ut, when,
as; nunc, now; tunc (tum), then; mox, presently; iam, already; dum, while; iam
diú, iam dúdum, iam prídem, long ago,
long since.
-
- prímum
(prímó), first; deinde (posteá), next after;
postrémum
(postrémó), finally; posteáquam, postquam, when (after that, as soon as).
- umquam (unquam), ever;
numquam (nunquam), never;
semper, always.
- aliquandó, at some
time, at length; quandóque
(quandócumque), whenever; dénique, at last.
- quotiéns
(quotiés), how often; totiéns, so often; aliquotiéns, a number of times.
- cotídié,
every day; hodié,
to-day; herí,
yesterday; crás,
to-morrow; prídié, the day before;
postrídié, the day
after; in diés, from day
to day.
- nóndum, not
yet; necdum, nor yet;
vixdum, scarce yet; quam prímum, as soon as possible;
saepe, often; crébró, frequently;
iam nón, no longer.
c. Adverbs of Manner, Degree, or Cause.
-
- quam, how, as;
tam, so; quamvís, however much, although;
paene, almost; magis, more; valdé, greatly; vix, hardly.
- cúr,
quáré, why; ideó, idcircó, proptereá,
on this account, because; eó, therefore; ergó, itaque, igitur, therefore.
- ita, síc, so;
ut (utí), as, how;
utut, utcumque, however.
d. Interrogative Particles.
-
- an, -ne, anne, utrum, utrumne,
num, whether.
- nónne, annón,
whether not; numquid, ecquid,
whether at all.
On the use of the Interrogative Particles, see §§ 332, 335.
e. Negative Particles.
-
- nón, not (in simple denial); haud, minimé,
not (in contradiction); né, not (in prohibition);
néve, neu, nor; nédum, much less.
- né, lest;
neque, nec, nor; né ... quidem, not even.
- nón modo ... vérum (sed)
etiam, not only ... but also.
- nón modo ... sed né ...
quidem, not only NOT ... but not even.
- sí minus, if
not; quó minus
(quóminus), so as not.
- quín (relative),
but that; (interrogative), why not ?
- né, nec (in composition), not; so in nesció, I know not; negó, I say no (aió, I say yes); negótium, business (nec-ótium); némó (né- and hemó, old form of homó), no one; né quis, lest any one; neque enim, for ... not.
For the use of Negative Particles, see § 325 ff.
For the Syntax and Peculiar uses of Adverbs, see § 320 ff.
COMPARISON OF ADVERBS.
218.
The Comparative of Adverbs is the neuter
accusative of the comparative of the corresponding adjective; the
Superlative is the Adverb in -é
formed regularly from the superlative of the Adjective: -
-
- c=aré, dearly
(from cárus, dear);
c=arius, c=arissimé.
- miseré (miseriter), wretchedly (from miser, wretched); miserius, miserrimé.
- leviter (from levis, light); levius, levissimé.
- aud=acter (aud=aciter) (from audáx, bold); aud=acius, aud=acissimé.
- bene, well (from bonus, good); melius, optimé.
- male, ill (from malus, bad); peius, pessimé.
a. The following are irregular or
defective: -
-
- diú, long (in time); di=utius, di=utissimé.
- potius, rather;
potissimum, first of all, in
preference to all.
- saepe, often;
saepius, oftener, again;
saepissimé.
- satis, enough;
satius, preferable.
- secus, otherwise;
s=etius, worse.
- multum (multó),
magis, maximé, much, more, most.
- parum, not enough;
minus, less; minimé, least.
- núper, newly;
n=uperrimé.
- temperé,
seasonably; temperius.
NOTE: In poetry the comparative mage is sometimes used instead of magis.
.